Local procurement

Règles de calcul du score transport

A transport score is assigned to each country in order to promote local supply. It is constructed by calculating the carbon impact of the journey of goods between the country of origin and Belgium.

The carbon impact of this trip depends on 2 criteria:

• the distance between the origin and the destination

• the mean(s) of transportation used

The calculation method and the assumptions related to these criteria are detailed below.

Distances

The distance between the country of origin and the country of destination is calculated from the geographical center of the country of departure and that of Belgium.

For each rail or sea route, 2 truck journeys are taken into account: one in the country of origin between its geographical center and its nearest place of embarkation, the other Belgium its place of disembarkation on closer and the center of Belgium.

The routes were established using the following tools:

Les itinéraires ont été établis à partir des outils suivant :

• Routier : Google Maps

• Ferroviaire : EcoTransIT

• Maritime : Searates

Means of transportation

For European countries, the score is weighted according to the mode of transport used between the country of origin and France. Due to the lack of specifically Belgian data, and its proximity to France, the same assumptions were used to model the modes of transport to Belgium.

Modal mix of freight transport to France - EuroStat data (2006)

For countries outside Europe, the modal mix considered is 100% maritime.

Air and river transport modes were excluded due to their low representativeness (0.1% and 3.4% respectively) - EuroStat 2016 data

CO2 impact measurement

The CO2 impact data (in gCO2e/t.km) come from the Carbon Base (ADEME).

Means of transportation	Geographical area	Description	CO2 eq / t.km
Road	World	Articulated - 34 to 40 tonnes - Road diesel, incorporation of 7% biodiesel	79g
Railway	France	Train - Medium engine - Medium load	7g
Railway	Europe	Freight train	22g
Maritime	Europe / Mediterranean	Cargo - 10,000 to 20,000 tonnes - HFO-MGO	13g
Maritime	Trans-Suez	Container carrier - Dry - Trans-Suez	7g
Maritime	World	Container carrier - Dry - Trans-Atlantique	11g

The CO2 impact of rail in France is low because electricity comes mainly from nuclear power plants (78%).

Scores by country

The transport score calculated by country using the above methodology is available here :

🇧🇪Score by country - Belgium

Score calculation

The following formula makes it possible to obtain the transport score on 100 points, taking into account ingredients involved in a recipe:

$$score = \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_i*p_i$$

$n$ the number of ingredients $a_i$ the transport score associated with the country or fishing area $p_i$ the percentage of the ingredient present in the recipe

The sum of the percentages is always equal to 100 : $\sum_{i=1}^{n}p_i = 100$

The transport score is integrated into the overall product score in the form of a bonus of up to 15 points. The transport bonus is calculated as follows:

$$bonus = x*0.15$$

$x$ corresponds to the transport score

Sources

ADEME (2020). Base Carbone - Transport de marchandises. https://www.bilans-ges.ademe.fr/

OECD/ITF. (2015). The Carbon Footprint of Global Trade, Tackling Emissions from International Freight Transport. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/cop-pdf-06.pdf

EUROSTAT. (2009). Panorama of Transport. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5711595/KS-DA-09-001-EN.PDF/9c90d489-5009-4acc-9810-ae39612897d3

FAO. (2020). Matrices du commerce détaillées. FAOSTAT. http://www.fao.org/faostat/fr/#data/TM

MINISTÈRE DE LA TRANSITION ÉCOLOGIQUE ET SOLIDAIRE. (2020). Données sur les flux de marchandises (SitraM) - Année 2015 | Données et études statistiques. https://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/donnees-sur-les-flux-de-marchandises-sitram-annee-2015

CIRED, SOLAGRO, EDF R&D, FIRE, & PhiLabs. (2019, janvier). L’empreinte énergétique et carbone de l’alimentation en France de la production à la consommation. http://dina.centre-cired.fr/IMG/pdf/empreinte_carbone_alimentation_en_france_fr_052019.pdf

OECD/ITF. (2015). The Carbon Footprint of Global Trade, Tackling Emissions from International Freight Transport. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/cop-pdf-06.pdf

ALPIFRET. (2011, décembre). Observatoire des trafics marchandises transalpins. https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/modes/road/doc/2011-12-annual-report-observation-trafics.pdf

Ministerio de Fomento. (2018, mai). Observatorio hispano-francés de Tráfico en los Pirineos - Documento No 8. https://www.mitma.gob.es/recursos_mfom/informe_otp8.pdf